francis bacon wikipédia

17 Jan francis bacon wikipédia

Il écrit dans Novum Organum que la difficulté que rencontre l'esprit humain dans son effort pour connaître la nature, c'est qu'il tend à projeter sur elle ses propres constructions (qu'il appelle des « anticipations »). Withdrawn and reserved when sober, Dyer was highly animated and aggressive when drunk, and often attempted to "pull a Bacon" by buying large rounds and paying for expensive dinners for his wide circle. In 1936 or 1937 Bacon moved from 71 Royal Hospital Road to the top floor of 1 Glebe Place, Chelsea, which Eric Hall had rented. 146–168. He took a studio at 17 Queensberry Mews West, South Kensington, sharing the upper floor with Eric Alden – his first collector – and his childhood nanny, Jessie Lightfoot. Au xixe siècle, une « thèse baconnienne » a été introduite, affirmant que Bacon aurait été l'auteur des pièces de théâtre de Shakespeare. [73], A first, incomplete catalogue raisonné was compiled by curator Ronald Alley in 1964. Francis Bacon, Tử tước St Alban thứ nhất (22 tháng 1 năm 1561 - 9 tháng 4 năm 1626) là một nhà triết học, chính khách và tiểu luận người Anh. Thousands of papers, books, photos, rotted curtains – all in Dublin. Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St. Alban, PC KC PC KC (/ ˈ b eɪ k ən /; 22 Januari 1561 – 9 April 1626) ialah seorang filsuf, negarawan, ilmuwan, juri, pemidato dan penulis dari England. Et ce, non pas seulement quand un tel adoucissement est propice à la guérison, mais aussi quand il peut aider à trépasser paisiblement et facilement. Il fut d'abord membre de la Chambre des communes en Angleterre avant de devenir Procureur général pour l'Angleterre et le Pays de Galles, Lord garde des sceaux royaux (en) et finalement chancelier à l'âge de 57 ans. He died of a heart attack on 28 April 1992. Si Sir Francis Bacon, KC, (22 Enero 1561 – 9 Abril 1626) ay isang Ingles na pilosopo, politiko, at may-akda. "Francis Bacon: lost and found". La raison de sa chute politique est une accusation de corruption envers la cour de chancellerie en 1621. Bacon est considéré comme le père de la philosophie expérimentale : l'idée fondamentale de tous ses travaux est de faire, comme il le dit, une restauration des sciences, et de substituer aux vaines hypothèses et aux subtiles argumentations qui étaient alors en usage dans l'école, l'observation et les expériences qui font connaître les faits, puis une induction légitime, qui découvre les lois de la nature et les causes des phénomènes, en se fondant sur le plus grand nombre possible de comparaisons et d'exclusions. At the height of the Blitz, Eric Hall rented a cottage for Bacon and himself at Bedales Lodge in Steep, near Petersfield, Hampshire. [49] The early paintings were influenced by such old masters as Matthias Grünewald, Diego Velázquez and Rembrandt,[48] but also by Picasso's late 1920s/early 1930s biomorphs and the early work of the Surrealists. [32] Many critics have described Dyer's portraits as favourites, including Michel Leiris and Lawrence Gowing. Quelques décennies après d'Ewes, John Aubrey (1626-1697), auteur de nombreuses biographies, décrit Bacon comme un « pédéraste », mentionnant ses « Ganymèdes » et ses « favoris[29] ». D'après Bacon, nos théories scientifiques sont construites en fonction de la façon dont nous voyons les objets ; l'être humain est donc biaisé dans sa déclaration d'hypothèses. La connaissance est un pouvoir car elle permet d'agir sur l'objet étudié de façon à obtenir ce que l'on veut de lui. The show was the high point of Bacon's career to date, and he was now described as Britain's "greatest living painter". Francis Bacon (28 October 1909 – 28 April 1992) was an Irish-born English figurative painter known for his raw, unsettling imagery. Des opinions contradictoires sont notamment représentées d'un côté par : A. L. Rowse. Cependant, cette théorie reste contestée. Francis Bacon soutient l'idée qu'une classification des connaissances doit être universelle tout en utilisant la totalité des ressources disponibles. Certains auteurs considèrent que ces éléments ne donnent pas lieu à considérer que Bacon ait été homosexuel ou bisexuel[30]. She had been his closest companion, joining him in London on his return from Paris, and lived with him and Eric Alden at Queensberry Mews West, and later with Eric Hall near Petersfield, in Monte Carlo and at Cromwell Place. Francis Bacon, 1°. A bon vivant, he spent his middle age eating, drinking and gambling in London's Soho with like-minded friends including Lucian Freud (although they fell out in the mid-1970s, for reasons neither ever explained), John Deakin, Muriel Belcher, Henrietta Moraes, Daniel Farson, Tom Baker and Jeffrey Bernard. It was not well received; disillusioned, he abandoned painting for nearly a decade, and suppressed his earlier works. He is best known for his depictions of popes, crucifixions and portraits of close friends. Bacon sai … Sir Francis Bacon (22. tammikuuta 1561 Lontoo – 9. huhtikuuta 1626 Highgate) oli englantilainen yleisnero: kirjailija, lakimies, filosofi ja valtiomies. Rump, Gerhard Charles. Aware of his own need to learn French, Bacon lived for three months with Madame Bocquentin and her family at their house near Chantilly. [21], In 1948, Painting (1946) sold to Alfred Barr for the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York for £240. Francis Thomas Bacon O.B.E. Francis Bacon est le père de l'empirisme sous sa forme moderne. Bacon then spent the next year-and-a-half in Paris. Les écrits de Bacon ont été le point de départ du système de classification de William Torrey Harris (en) pour les bibliothèques des États-Unis dans la seconde moitié des années 1800. Bacon was named sole Trustee/Executor of his father's will, which requested the funeral be as "private and simple as possible". Francis Bacon From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St. Alban KC, (22 January 1561 – 9 April 1626), was an English philosopher, statesman, and author. Francis Bacon (festő) A Wikipédiából, a szabad enciklopédiából Ez a szócikk a festőről szól. Francis Bacon: Anatomy of an Enigma. C'est ainsi que Bacon organise tous les types de savoirs en trois groupes généraux : histoire, poésie et philosophie. [61] During the legal process an undisclosed number of Bacon's paintings were recovered from Marlborough, and "vast quantities of correspondence and documents relating to the life of the artist were handed over by the gallery". Four works by Bacon were shown: Figures in a Garden (1936), purchased by Diana Watson; Abstraction, and Abstraction from the Human Form, known from magazine photographs. Spolu s Baconem jsou k tomuto hnutí řazeni Henry … Dyer was a desperate man, and although he was "allowed" to attend, he was well aware that he was slipping out of the picture. Sa réflexion sur les erreurs des savants le conduit à formuler la célèbre doctrine des idoles de l'esprit (Idoles du Théâtre, Idoles de la Tribu, Idoles de la Caverne et Idoles du Forum). Francis Bacon (28 October 1909 – 28 April 1992) was an Irish-born English[1] figurative painter known for his raw, unsettling imagery. — J. P. Cavaillé, introduction de La Sagesse des anciens[24]. Francis Bacon was born on 28 October 1909 in 63 Lower Baggot Street, Dublin. Pale-faced and a chain-smoker, Dyer typically confronted his daily hangovers by drinking again. En plus d'avoir fait carrière en droit et en politique, Francis Bacon a contribué à la science, à la philosophie, à l'histoire et à la littérature. Bacon var en figurativ konstnär som fokuserade på den mänskliga kroppen, återkommande motiv i hans konst var korsfästelser, påveporträtt, självporträtt och porträtt av vänner. Francis Bacon (28 tháng 10 năm 1909 - 28 tháng 4 năm 1992) là một họa sĩ tượng hình người Anh sinh tại Ireland. After Dyer's suicide he largely distanced himself from this circle, and while still socially active and his passion for gambling and drinking continued, he settled into a platonic and somewhat fatherly relationship with his eventual heir, John Edwards. Figure Getting Out of a Car (ca. Bacon's main haunt was The Colony Room, a private drinking club at 41 Dean Street in Soho, known as "Muriel's" after Muriel Belcher, its proprietor. [40] Bacon spent the remainder of his stay in Paris attending to promotional activities and funeral arrangements. In October 1971, Dyer joined Bacon in Paris for the opening of the artist's retrospective at the Grand Palais. Dahil wala siyang mga anak, nagwakas ang mga titulo o pamagat na ito sa kanyang kamatayan. Il écrit ainsi dans le Novum Organum, en opposition à Aristote, que la connaissance nous vient sous forme d'objets de la nature, mais que l'on impose nos propres interprétations sur ces objets. [7] His father, Captain Anthony Edward Mortimer Bacon, known as Eddy, was born in Adelaide, South Australia, to an English father and an Australian mother. By 1971, he was drinking alone and only in occasional contact with his former lover. A painting measuring 20 inches by 24 inches was valued at £165 ($462), while one of 65 inches by 78 inches was valued at £420 ($1,176); these were sizes Bacon favoured. Conscious no doubt of his artistic legacy, Bacon intended a posthumous bequest of the painting to the Tate; he was persuaded to bring forward the donation and, on condition there should be no ceremony, gifted it to the gallery in 1991". With the agreement of the hotel manager, the party agreed not to announce the death for two days.[37]. (21 December 1904 at Ramsden Hall, Billericay, Essex, England – 24 May 1992) was an English engineer who developed the first practical hydrogen–oxygen fuel cell. [68] Every item in the studio has a database entry. FREng F.R.S. He met Yvonne Bocquentin, pianist and connoisseur, at the opening of an exhibition. In 1948 he met John Minton, a regular at Muriel's, as were the painters Lucian Freud, Frank Auerbach, Patrick Swift and the Vogue photographer, John Deakin. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. "All that money an' I fink they're reely 'orrible," he observed with choked pride.[33]. Il le fait en fonction de sa propre compréhension des mécanismes du traitement de l'information que sont respectivement la mémoire, l'imagination et la raison. Francis Bacon (22. januar 1561 – 9. april 1626) bio je engleski filozof [1] [2] i tvorac empirizma i nove naučne metode.Njegovo glavno djelo je "Velika obnova nauka" čiji je sastavni dio "Novi organon" ili "Upute za tumačenje prirode". Each entry consists of an image and a factual account of an object. Francis Bacon Iz Wikipedije, proste enciklopedije Sir Francis Bacon, baron Verulamski, 1. vikont St. Albans, angleški filozof, pisatelj, zgodovinar, pravnik in državnik, * 22. januar 1561, London, Anglija, † 9. april 1626, Highgate, Middlesex, Anglija. It is generally considered his first mature piece;[19] he regarded his works before the triptych as irrelevant. Sir Francis Bacon, barun Verulamski i 1. vikont od St Albansa, (London, 22. siječnja 1561.- Highgate, 9. travnja 1626. Bacon had an older brother, Harley,[10] two younger sisters, Ianthe and Winifred, and a younger brother, Edward. They returned to Ireland after the First World War. « la science véritable est la science des causes », « On ne commande la nature qu’en lui obéissant. Il ajoute que la technique et la science sont complémentaires, car la science permet de concevoir des inventions, comme la connaissance de la lumière permet de fabriquer des microscopes, et qu'elle permet une mise en ordre des faits observés, mais que la technique permet d'explorer les faits, un microscope servant ainsi à de nouvelles découvertes. The database has entries on approximately 570 books and catalogues, 1,500 photographs, 100 slashed canvases, 1,300 leaves torn from books, 2,000 artist's materials and 70 drawings. Bacon said he became "obsessed" with the Casino de Monte Carlo, where he would "spend whole days". ». New York, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1996, Letter by Bacon to G. Sutherland, 30 December 1946, Monte Carlo, National Galleries and Museums of Wales. Francis Bacon (n.22 ianuarie 1561, Londra - d. 9 aprilie 1626, Londra) a fost un filosof, om de știință, jurist, orator, autor englez.A trăit la curtea engleză în timpul domniei lui Elisabeta I a Angliei și apoi în timpul domniei lui Iacob I al Angliei.. Nu trebuie confundat cu Francis Bacon (pictor) (1909 - 1992) sau cu filozoful Roger Bacon (1214 - 1294). Sir Francis Bacon was a scientist, philosopher, courtier, diplomat, essayist, historian and successful politician, who served as Solicitor General (1607), Attorney General (1613) and Lord Chancellor (1618). […] En un mot, personne avant le chancelier Bacon n’avait connu la philosophie expérimentale ; et de toutes les épreuves physiques qu’on a faites depuis lui, il n’y en a presque pas une qui ne soit indiquée dans son livre. [57] That same year, the estate sued Marlborough UK and Marlborough International, Vaduz, charging them with wrongfully exploiting Bacon in a relationship that was manifestly disadvantageous to him, until his death in 1992, and to his estate. [8] Eddie was a veteran of the Boer War, a racehorse trainer, and grandson of Anthony Bacon, who claimed descent from Sir Nicholas Bacon, elder half-brother of Sir Francis Bacon, the Elizabethan statesman, philosopher and essayist. They held illicit roulette parties, organised by Bacon with the assistance of Hall. In: Gerhard Charles Rump: Kunstpsychologie, Kunst und Psycoanalyse, Kunstwissenschaft. Catalogue Raisonné, Francis Bacon image licensing at Artimage, Francis Bacon in the Guggenheim Collection, Study for Portrait II (After the Life Mask of William Blake), Version No. [53], Bacon described the screaming mouth as a catalyst for his work, and incorporated its shape when painting the chimera. [59][60] The litigation was settled out of court in early 2002, following Edwards' diagnosis of lung cancer, with both sides paying their own costs. "The Complete Graphic Work, Catalogue Raisonné", Paris, JSC Gallery, 2012. Francis Bacon développe dans son œuvre le De dignitate et augmentis scientiarumn 1 une théorie empiriste de la connaissance1, et, en 1620, il précise les règles de la méthode expérimentale dans le No… Le De dignitate et augmentis scientiarum (« De la dignité et de l'accroissement des savoirs ») établit une classification des sciences de son époque et signale leurs lacunes, et le Novum Organum expose une méthode pour guider l’esprit et avancer dans les sciences et dans la connaissance. La nature de la sexualité de Francis Bacon, dont il est notoire qu'il a accueilli dans le lit conjugal certains de ses serviteurs de sexe masculin[26],[27], fait depuis longtemps l'objet de discussions[28]. [...] C’est pourquoi il y a tout à espérer d'une alliance intime et sacrée de ces deux facultés expérimentale et rationnelle ; alliance qui ne s'est pas encore rencontrée[13]. Francis was raised by the family nanny, Jessie Lightfoot, from Cornwall, known as 'Nanny Lightfoot', a maternal figure who remained close to him until her death. Quelques années après, le roi le releva de toutes les incapacités prononcées contre lui (1624). [16] He visited Paris in 1935 where he bought a secondhand book on anatomical diseases of the mouth containing high quality hand-coloured plates of both open mouths and oral interiors,[17] which haunted and obsessed him for the remainder of his life. I'm convinced Francis would have loved it. Their behaviours eventually overwhelmed their affair, and by 1970 Bacon was merely providing Dyer with enough money to stay more or less permanently drunk. [5] He said that his artistic career was delayed because he spent too long looking for subject matter that could sustain his interest. These and the scene with the nurse screaming on the Odessa steps from the Battleship Potemkin later became recurrent parts of Bacon's iconography, with the angularity of Eisenstein's images often combined with the thick red palette of his recently purchased medical tome. Bacon saw the film in 1935, and viewed it frequently thereafter. The following year Bacon exhibited his "Heads" series, most notable for Head VI, Bacon's first surviving engagement with Velázquez's Portrait of Pope Innocent X (three 'popes' were painted in Monte Carlo in 1946 but were destroyed). Francis Bacon (28 d'ochobre de 1909, Dublín - 28 d'abril de 1992, Madrid) foi un pintor británicu, nacíu n'Irlanda, d'estilu figurativu idiosincrásico, carauterizáu pol emplegu de la deformación pictórico y #gran ambigüedá nel planu intencional.. Most of Bacon's art world associates regarded Dyer as a nuisance – an intrusion into the world of high culture to which their Bacon belonged. His first lover, Peter Lacy, tore up the artist's paintings, beat him in drunken rages, at times leaving him on streets half-conscious. [66] The locations of over 7,000 items were mapped, survey and elevation drawings made, the items packed and catalogued, and the studio was rebuilt, including the original doors, floor, walls and ceiling. Bacon continued with the retrospective and displayed powers of self-control "to which few of us could aspire", according to Russell. Within a fortnight of the sale of Painting (1946) to the Hanover Gallery Bacon used the proceeds to decamp from London to Monte Carlo. [51], Many of Bacon's paintings are "inhabited" by reclining figures. Ông được biết đến là một nhân vật quan trọng của Cách mạng khoa học và được xem là … Rothenstein, John (intro); Alley, Ronald. Deeply affected, over the following two years he painted a number of single canvas portraits of Dyer, and the three highly regarded "Black Triptychs", each of which details moments immediately before and after Dyer's suicide.[41]. [51], The inspiration for the recurring motif of screaming mouths in many Bacons of the late 1940s and early 1950s was drawn from a number of sources, including medical text books, the works of Matthias Grünewald[52] and photographic stills of the nurse in the Odessa Steps scene in Eisenstein's 1925 silent film Battleship Potemkin. His chronic asthma, which had plagued him all his life, had developed into a more severe respiratory condition and he could not talk or breathe very well. « Dans un style d’une grande élégance et concision Bacon expose trente-et-une fables des « anciens poètes » ; à la narration de chacune faisant suite une interprétation extrêmement dense, qui met en jeu l'une ou plusieurs des grandes orientations de la pensée baconienne : philosophie de la nature, théorie de la science, morale, pensée politique. La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 14 mai 2020 à 17:16. Francis Bacon, né le 28 octobre 1909 à Dublin et mort le 28 avril 1992 à Madrid, est un peintre britannique1 réputé pour ses triptyques dont l'un est le plus cher du monde, Trois études de Lucian Freud. [citation needed] Bacon was a founding member, joining the day after its opening in 1948. When Bacon returned to his room the next morning, together with Danziger-Miles and Valerie Beston, they discovered Dyer in the bathroom dead, sat on the toilet. Par cette sentence sévère, le Parlement ne voulut pas tant frapper Bacon, dont le crime était loin d'être aussi grand qu'on l'a fait croire, qu'atteindre le favori de Jacques, George Villiers de Buckingham, dont le faible chancelier était la créature et dont il avait trop facilement toléré les malversations. Francis Bacon (1561 - 1626) ishte filozof, jurist dhe orator i shquar anglez.. Biografia. Ông được biết đến với những bức tranh táo bạo, kỳ cục, đầy cảm tính và thô sơ của mình. A story emerged in 1992[11] of his father having had Francis horsewhipped by their grooms. On his return journey he spent a few days in Cairo, and wrote to Erica Brausen of his intent to visit Karnak and Luxor, and then travel via Alexandria to Marseilles. Following the suicide of his lover George Dyer in 1971 (memorialized in his Black Triptychs, and a number of posthumous portraits) his art became more sombre, inward-looking and preoccupied with the passage of time and death. Francis Bacon (28. října 1909 v Dublinu – 28. dubna 1992 v Madridu) byl v Irsku narozený britský figurativní malíř. « C’est l’échafaud avec lequel on a bâti la nouvelle philosophie. [65] At the time, Edwards commented about the decision to send the entire studio to Ireland: "a little corner of South Kensington moved to his birthplace. After all, he was born here, and he said once that he couldn't come back until he was dead – the fuss would be too much." Plus encore, j’estime que c’est la tâche du médecin non seulement de faire retrouver la santé, mais encore d’atténuer les souffrances et les douleurs. Zbog toga se smatra jednim od utemeljitelja novovjekovne znanosti i filozofije. They prefigure Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion (1944) in alternatively representing a tripod structure (Abstraction), bared teeth (Abstraction from the Human Form), and both being biomorphic in form. The family lived in Cannycourt House in County Kildare from 1911,[10] later moving to Westbourne Terrace in London, close to where Bacon's father worked at the Territorial Force Records Office. Francis Bacon, né le 22 janvier 1561 à Londres et mort à Highgate près de la même ville en 1626, baron de Verulam, vicomte de St Albans, Chancelier d'Angleterre, est un scientifique, un philosophe et un homme d'État anglais. La Nouvelle Atlantide. Je m’occupais avec ardeur d’une ou deux expériences sur l’endurcissement et la conservation des corps, et tout me réussissait à souhait, quand, chemin faisant il me prit, entre Londres et Highgate, un si grand vomissement, que je ne sais si je dois l’attribuer à la pierre, à une indigestion, au froid ou à tous les trois ensemble[1]. Bacon claims to have "copied the car and not much else".[18]. Bacon fut envoyé, à l'âge de douze ans (avril 1573) au Trinity College de l'université de Cambridge, avec son frère Anthony Bacon (1558-1601). In 1950, Bacon met the art critic David Sylvester, then best known for his writing on Henry Moore and Alberto Giacometti. Préférant néanmoins la carrière des affaires publiques, il s'attacha au comte d'Essex, et devint membre de la Chambre des communes (1592). Bacon claimed Penrose told him "Mr. Bacon, don't you realise a lot has happened in painting since the Impressionists?" Il cherche ainsi une voie moyenne entre l'accumulation empirique des faits, sans tentative de les mettre en ordre, et le raisonnement théorique ne procédant qu'à partir de principes et de déduction : « Les empiriques, semblables aux fourmis, ne savent qu’amasser et user ; les rationalistes, semblables aux araignées, font des toiles qu’ils tirent d’eux-mêmes ; le procédé de l’abeille tient le milieu entre ces deux : elle recueille ses matériaux sur les fleurs des jardins et des champs ; mais elle les transforme et les distille par une vertu qui lui est propre : c’est l’image du véritable travail de la philosophie, qui ne se fie pas aux seules forces de l’esprit humain et n’y prend même pas son principal appui. Francis had a difficult relationship with his father, once admitting to being sexually attracted to him. ), engleski filozof, pravnik i državnik.Bio je jedan od vodećih osoba na području prirodne filozofije i znanstvene metodologije na prijelazu iz renesanse u moderno doba. [42] In 1998 the director of the Hugh Lane Gallery in Dublin secured Edwards' and Clarke's donation of the contents of Bacon's studio at 7 Reece Mews, South Kensington. His output can be broadly described as sequences or variations on single motifs; including the 1930s Picasso-influenced bio-morphs and Furies, the 1940s male heads isolated in rooms or geometric structures, the 1950s "screaming popes," the mid-to-late 1950s animals and lone figures, the early 1960s crucifixions, the mid-to-late 1960s portraits of friends, the 1970s self-portraits, and the cooler, more technical 1980s paintings. ». He came from a family steeped in crime, and had till then spent his life drifting between theft, detention and jail. [48] In 1933, his patron Eric Hall commissioned a series of three paintings based on the subject. His sister, Ianthe, twelve years his junior, recalled that Bacon made drawings of ladies with cloche hats and long cigarette holders. Francis Thomas Bacon (1904–1992) angol mérnök Ez egy egyértelműsítő lap , a hasonló megnevezések közötti választást segíti elő. High-vaulted and north-lit, its roof was recently bombed – Bacon was able to adapt a large old billiard room at the back as his studio. Selon lui, l'humanité serait meilleure si l'accès aux ressources éducatives était offert à tous, d'où la nécessité de l'organiser. Alexandre Koyré porte un jugement très négatif sur sa méthode[17] : « “Bacon initiateur de la science moderne” est une plaisanterie, et fort mauvaise, que répètent encore les manuels. On 30 April 1951, Jessie Lightfoot, his childhood nanny, died at Cromwell Place; Bacon was gambling in Nice when he learned of her death. in-18 ; des Discours, qu'il avait prononcés, soit comme solliciteur et procureur général, soit comme membre du parlement, et enfin un grand nombre de Lettres qui éclairent sa vie et son caractère. [46] Bacon admitted that he saw the scene as "a magnificent armature on which you can hang all types of feeling and sensation". I remember sometimes he brought home things that he'd drawn and, I don't know what my mother did with them she wasn't wildly interested in it. Eliot's Poem "Sweeney Agonistes", Two Figures Lying on a Bed with Attendants, Triptych Inspired by the Oresteia of Aeschylus, Three Studies for a Portrait of George Dyer, Portrait of Isabel Rawsthorne Standing in a Street in Soho, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis_Bacon_(artist)&oldid=1000356174, Articles with dead external links from July 2012, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020, Articles needing additional references from October 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2020, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with RKDartists identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Belcher had run the Music-box club in Leicester Square during the war, and secured a 3 – 11pm drinking licence for the Colony Room bar as a private-members club; public houses had to, by law, close at 2:30 pm.

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